Self and Other Lines

Subject and Object

The subject line (Shi Yao) and the object line (Ying Yao) are the two most fundamental reference points in Liu Yao divination. The subject line represents the querent ("the self"), while the object line represents the other party or the state of the matter being asked about. The relationship between the subject and object lines forms the basic framework for interpreting a hexagram.

Determining the Subject and Object Lines

The positions of the subject and object lines are determined by the hexagram's governing palace and its subject line number:

• First-line subject hexagram - Subject on the first line, Object on the fourth line
• Second-line subject hexagram - Subject on the second line, Object on the fifth line
• Third-line subject hexagram - Subject on the third line, Object on the top line
• Fourth-line subject hexagram - Subject on the fourth line, Object on the first line
• Fifth-line subject hexagram - Subject on the fifth line, Object on the second line
• Pure hexagram - Subject on the top line, Object on the third line
• Wandering Spirit hexagram - Subject on the fourth line, Object on the first line
• Returning Spirit hexagram - Subject on the third line, Object on the top line

Functions of the Subject and Object Lines

Meaning of the subject line:

• Represents the querent's own state
• A prosperous subject line: favorable personal conditions and advantage
• A trapped subject line: the self is in a weak position
• The subject line bearing the governing line: the matter is closely tied to the querent

Meaning of the object line:

• For relationship readings: the object line represents the other party
• For partnership readings: the object line represents the partner
• For legal readings: the object line represents the opposing party
• For career readings: the object line represents the prospective employer

Evaluating the Subject-Object Relationship

Subject and Object in a generating cycle: A harmonious relationship between both parties

• Object generates Subject: the other party is beneficial to the self
• Subject generates Object: the self contributes more

Subject and Object in an overcoming cycle: Conflict exists between both parties

• Object overcomes Subject: the other party is disadvantageous to the self
• Subject overcomes Object: the self holds the advantage

Subject and Object in the same element: Both parties are evenly matched, with an equal relationship

Important Considerations

The subject-object dynamic is only one framework for judgment. The final conclusion requires combining multiple factors, including the strength of the governing line, the transformations of moving lines, and the influence of the day and month. Examining the subject-object relationship is akin to assessing the overall situation first, before delving into a detailed analysis.